Books and Reports

Preprints

Publications

Selected Older Publications

Letters and Other Unrefereed Publications

Presentations

Selected Older Presentations

Recent Popular Presentations

BOOKS

Sea Salt Aerosol Production: Mechanisms, Methods, Measurements, and Models -- A Critical Review. Lewis E. R. and Schwartz S. E. Geophysical Monograph Series Vol. 152, (American Geophysical Union, Washington, 2004).

Precipitation Scavenging and Atmosphere-Surface Exchange. Schwartz S. E. and Slinn W. G. N., Coord. Eds. (Hemisphere, Washington DC, 1992).

Trace Atmospheric Constituents,Advan. Environ. Sci. Tech. Vol. 12, Schwartz S. E., Ed. (John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1983).

REPORTS

MAGIC: Marine ARM GPCI Investigation of Clouds. Lewis ER, WJ Wiscombe, BA Albrecht, GL Bland, CN Flagg, SA Klein, P Kollias, G Mace, RM Reynolds, SE Schwartz, AP Siebesma, J Teixeira, R Wood, M Zhang. ARM Climate Research Facility Report, Report DOE/SC-ARM-12-020. October 2012.

PDF

Modeling activities in the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Sciences Program. Fast, J.D., Ghan S.J., and Schwartz S.E. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Report, PNNL-18752, 2009.

PDF

Atmospheric Aerosol Properties and Impacts on Climate. Climate Change Science Program (U. S.), Synthesis and Assessment Product 2.3. Chin M., Kahn R. A., and Schwartz S. E., Eds., Washington, DC, 2009.

Interactions of Climate Change and Air Quality: Research Priorities and New Directions. Jacob, D.J., W.F. Fitzgerald, J. Hansen, J.T. Kiehl, J.A. Logan, L.J. Mickley, J.E. Penner, R.G. Prinn, V. Ramanathan, S.T. Rao, S.E. Schwartz, and J.H. Seinfeld. EPRI report 1012169, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California, 2005.

Identification, Recommendation, and Justification of Potential Locales for ARM Sites. Schwartz, S. E., Project Leader. U. S. Department of Energy Report DOE-ER/0495T, 166 pp., 1991 (70 Mbyte PDF file); Executive Summary, U. S. Department of Energy Report DOE-ER/0495T, 19 pp., 1991 doe-er-0495t.pdfdoe-er-0494t.pdf

On-line papers may be in preprint rather than final form, resulting in possible discrepancies between the on-line and published versions of the papers. The published document is the definitive version of the paper.

PREPRINTS

Schwartz, S. E.: Observation Based Budget and Lifetime of Excess Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide , Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-924, 2021.

PUBLICATIONS

2022

Probability of committed warming exceeding 1.5C and 2.0C Paris targets. S. C. Sherwood, A. Sen Gupta, and S. E. Schwartz Environ. Res. Lett. 17 064022 2022.

2021

Henry’s law constants (IUPAC Recommendations 2021). Sander R., Acree Jr. W. E., De Visscher A., Schwartz S. E., and Wallington T. J. Pure Appl. Chem., 2021. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2020-0302

2020

Bounding global aerosol radiative forcing of climate change. Bellouin N., J. Quaas, E. Gryspeerdt, S. Kinne, P. Stier, D. Watson-Parris, O. Boucher, K.S. Carslaw, M. Christensen, A.-L. Daniau, J.-L. Dufresne, G. Feingold, S. Fiedler, P. Forster, A. Gettelman, J. M. Haywood, U. Lohmann, F. Malavelle, T. Mauritsen, D.T. McCoy, G. Myhre, J. Muülmenstädt, D. Neubauer, A. Possner, M. Rugenstein, Y. Sato, M. Schulz, S. E. Schwartz, O. Sourdeva, T. Storelvmo, V. Toll, D. Winker, and B. Stevens. (2020) Rev. Geophys., doi: 10.1029/2019RG000660

2018

Resource Letter GECC-2: The Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change: The Intensified Greenhouse Effect, Schwartz, S. E. Amer. J. Phys., 86, 645-656 (2018).

Resource Letter GECC-1: The Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change: Earth's Natural Greenhouse Effect, Schwartz, S. E. Amer. J. Phys., 86, 565-576 (2018).

Unrealized Global Temperature Increase: Implications of Current Uncertainties, Schwartz, S. E. J. Geophys. Res. , 2018, doi: 10.1002/2017JD028121.

2017

High-Resolution Photography of Clouds from the Surface: Retrieval of Optical Depth of Thin Clouds down to Centimeter Scales, Schwartz, S. E., Huang, D., and Vladutescu D. V., J. Geophys. Res. - Atmos., 2017. Paper #2016JD025384. This paper was featured as a Research Spotlight in Eos and as a "Nowcast" item in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (July, 2017; page 1319).

2014

Earth's Climate Sensitivity: Apparent Inconsistencies in Recent Assessments, Schwartz, S. E., Charlson, R. J., Kahn, R. and Rodhe, H., Earth's Future (AGU), 2014. doi: 10.1002/2014EF000273

2013

Determination of a lower bound on Earth's climate sensitivity.Bengtsson, L. and Schwartz, S. E., TellusB 65, 21533 (2013). doi: 10.3402/tellusb.v65i0.21533

2012

Determination of Earth's transient and equilibrium climate sensitivities from observations over the twentieth century: Strong dependence on assumed forcing. Schwartz S. E. Surveys Geophys. 33, 745-777 (2012). doi: 10.1007/s10712-012-9180-4 .

Observing and Modeling Earth's Energy Flows. Stevens B. and Schwartz S. E. Surveys Geophys. 33 779-816 (2012). doi: 10.1007/s10712-012-9184-0 .

Reply to "Comments on 'Why Hasn't Earth Warmed as Much as Expected?'" Schwartz S. E., Charlson R. J., Kahn R. A., Ogren, J. A., and Rodhe H. J. Climate. 25, 2200-2204 (2012).

2011

Production Flux of Sea-Spray Aerosol. de Leeuw G., Andreas E. L, Anguelova M.D., Fairall C. W., Lewis E. R., O'Dowd C., Schulz M. and Schwartz S. E. Rev. Geophys49, RG2001 (2011). doi: 10.1029/2010RG000349 .

Feedback and sensitivity in an electrical circuit: An analog for climate models. Schwartz S. E. Climatic Change106, 315-326 (2011). doi: 10.1007/s10584-010-9903-9.

Reversible uptake of water on NaCl nanoparticles at relative humidity below deliquescence point observed by non-contact environmental AFM. Bruzewicz, D. A., Checco A., Ocko B. M., Lewis E. R., McGraw R. and Schwartz S. E. J. Chem. Phys.134, 044702 (2011); doi: 10.1063/1.3524195.

2010

Why Hasn't Earth Warmed as Much as Expected? Schwartz S. E., Charlson R. J., Kahn R. A., Ogren, J. A., and Rodhe H., J. Climate23, 2453-2464 (2010); doi: 10.1175/2009JCLI3461.1.

Climatology of aerosol optical depth in North-Central Oklahoma: 1992 - 2008. Michalsky J., F. Denn, C. Flynn, G. Hodges, P. Kiedron, A. Koontz, J. Schlemmer and S. E. Schwartz. J. Geophys. Res. 115, D07203 (2010); doi: 10.1029/2009JD012197.

2009

Sensitivity of aerosol properties to new particle formation mechanism and to primary emissions in a continental scale chemical transport model. Chang L.-S., Schwartz S. E., McGraw R. and Lewis E. R. J. Geophys. Res. 114, D07203 (2009); doi: 10.1029/2008JD011019.

Aerosols and Clouds in Chemical Transport Models and Climate Models, Lohmann U. and Schwartz S. E., in Clouds in the Perturbed Climate System: Their Relationship to Energy Balance, Atmospheric Dynamics, and Precipitation, Heintzenberg J. and Charlson R. J., Eds. (MIT Press, Cambridge MA, 2009), pp. 531-555. ISBN 978-0-262-01287-4. Ernst Strüngmann Forum.

Current Understanding and Quantification of Clouds in the Changing Climate System and Strategies for Reducing Critical Uncertainties. Quaas J., Bony S., Collins W. D., Donner L., Illingworth A., Jones A., Lohmann U., Satoh M., Schwartz S. E., Tao W.-K., and Wood R. , in Clouds in the Perturbed Climate System: Their Relationship to Energy Balance, Atmospheric Dynamics, and Precipitation, Heintzenberg J. and Charlson R. J., Eds. (MIT Press, Cambridge MA, 2009), pp. 557-573. ISBN 978-0-262-01287-4. Ernst Strüngmann Forum.

2008

MATRIX (Multiconfiguration Aerosol TRacker of mIXing state): An aerosol microphysical module for global atmospheric models, Bauer S. E., D. Wright, D. Koch, E. R. Lewis, R. McGraw, L.-S. Chang, S. E. Schwartz, and R. Ruedy. Atmos. Chem. Phys.8, 6003-6035, (2008).

Uncertainty in Climate Sensitivity: Causes, Consequences, Challenges, Schwartz, S. E. Energy Environ. Sci.1, 430-453. doi:10.1039/b810350j

Reply to comments by G. Foster et al., R. Knutti et al., and N. Scafetta on "Heat capacity, time constant, and sensitivity of Earth's climate system". Schwartz S. E. J. Geophys. Res.113, D15105 (2008), doi:10.1029/2008JD009872.

Direct aerosol forcing: Calculation from observables and sensitivities to inputs. McComiskey A., Schwartz S. E., Schmid B., Guan H., Lewis E. R., Ricchiazzi P., and Ogren J. A. J. Geophys. Res. 113, D09202, doi:10.1029/2007JD009170 (2008).

The Role of Adiabaticity in the Aerosol First Indirect Effect. Kim B.-G., Miller M. A., Schwartz S. E., Liu Y., and Min Q. J. Geophys. Res. D, 113, D05210 (2008), doi:10.1029/2007JD008961

2007

Heat capacity, time constant, and sensitivity of Earth's climate system. Schwartz S. E. J. Geophys. Res. , D24S05 (2007). doi:10.1029/2007JD008746

Quantifying climate change -- Too rosy a picture? Schwartz S. E., Charlson R. J. and Rodhe H. Nature Reports -- Climate Change1, 23-24, (2007); doi: 10.1038/climate.2007.22. Discussion. ibid.4, 64; doi:10.1038/climate.2007.46b

Aerosol properties and processes: A path from field and laboratory measurements to global climate models. Ghan, S. J. and Schwartz, S. E Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 88, 1059-1083 (2007).

Observation of ambient aerosol particle growth due to in-cloud processes within boundary layers. Wang J., P. H. Daum, L. I. Kleinman, Y.-N. Lee, S. E. Schwartz, S. R. Springston, H. Jonsson, D. Covert, R. Elleman. J. Geophys. Res. , D14207 (2007). doi:10.1029/2006JD007989

2006

Attribution of Modeled Atmospheric Sulfate and SO₂ in the Northern Hemisphere for June-July 1997. Benkovitz C. M., Schwartz S. E., Jensen M. P. and Miller M. A. Atmos. Chem. Phys.6, 4723-4738, (2006).

New unbiased symmetric metrics for evaluation of air quality models. Yu S., Eder B., Dennis R., Chu S.-H. and Schwartz S. E. Atmos. Sci. Lett.7, 26-34 (2006); doi: 10.1002/asl.125.

Preface to special section: Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program May 2003 Intensive Operations Period examining aerosol properties and radiative influences. Ferrare R., Feingold G., Ghan S., Ogren J., Schmid B., Schwartz S. E. and Sheridan P. J. Geophys. Res., 111, D05S01; doi:10.1029/2005JD006908.

Aerosol direct radiative effects over the northwest Atlantic, northwest Pacific, and North Indian Oceans: Estimates based on in-situ chemical and optical measurements and chemical transport modeling. Bates, T.S., T.L. Anderson, T. Baynard, T. Bond, O. Boucher, G. Carmichael, A. Clarke, C. Erlick, H. Guo, L. Horowitz, S. Howell, S. Kulkarni, H. Maring, A. McComiskey, A. Middlebrook, K. Noone, C.D. O'Dowd, J. Ogren, J. Penner, P.K. Quinn, A.R. Ravishankara, D.L. Savoie, S.E. Schwartz, Y. Shinozuka, Y. Tang, R.J. Weber, and Y. Wu. Atmos. Chem. Phys.6, 1657-1732 (2006).

Comment on "Size distribution of sea-salt emissions as a function of relative humidity" Lewis E. R. and Schwartz S. E. Atmos. Environ.40, 588-590 (2006); doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.08.043

2005

Intercomparison of shortwave radiative transfer codes and measurements. Halthore R. N., Crisp D., Schwartz S. E., Anderson G. P., Berk A., Bonnel B., Boucher O., Chang F.-L., Chou M.-D., Clothiaux E. E., Dubuisson P., Fomin B., Fouquart Y., Freidenreich S., Gautier C., Kato S., Laszlo I., Li Z., Mather J. H., Plana-Fattori A., Ramaswamy V., Ricchiazzi P., Shiren Y., Trishchenko A., Wiscombe W. J. Geophys. Res., 110, Paper D11206; doi 10.1029/2004JD005293 (2005).

2004

Modeling Atmospheric Sulfur over the Northern Hemisphere During the ACE-2 Experimental Period. Benkovitz C. M., Schwartz S.E., Jensen M.P., Miller M.A., Easter R.C. and Bates T.S. J. Geophys. Res. 109 (D22) Paper D22207; doi. 10.1029/2004JD004939 (2004).

Uncertainty requirements in radiative forcing of climate change. Schwartz S. E., J. Air Waste Management Assoc.54, 1351-1359 (2004).

Progressive Aerosol Retrieval and Assimilation Global Observing Network (PARAGON): An Integrated Approach for Characterizing Aerosol Climatic and Environmental Interactions. Diner, D.J., T.P. Ackerman, T.L. Anderson, J. Bösenberg, A.J. Braverman, R.J. Charlson, W.D. Collins, R. Davies, B.N. Holben, C.A. Hostetler, R.A. Kahn, J.V. Martonchik, R.T. Menzies, M.A. Miller, J. Ogren, J.E. Penner, P.J. Rasch, S.E. Schwartz, J.H. Seinfeld, G.L. Stephens, O. Torres, L.D. Travis, B. Wielicki, and B. Yu, Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.85, 1491-1501 (2004).

Scientific Objectives, Measurement Needs, and Challenges Motivating the PARAGON Aerosol Initiative. Seinfeld, J.H., R.A. Kahn, T.L. Anderson, R.J. Charlson, R. Davies, D.J. Diner, S.E. Schwartz, and B. Wielicki, Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.85, 1503-1509 (2004).

Aerosols, Clouds, and Climate Change, Schwartz S. E. In Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols 2004. M. Kasahara and M. Kulmala, Eds., Kyoto Univ. Press. (2004); ISBN 4 87698 635 5; pp. 323-338.

2003

Effective Radius of Cloud Droplets by Ground-Based Remote Sensing: Relationship to Aerosol. Kim B.-G., Schwartz S. E., Miller M. A. and Min Q. J. Geophys. Res.108, 4740; doi:10.1029/2003JD003721 (2003).

Tropospheric Aerosols. Buseck P. and Schwartz S. E. In Treatise on Geochemistry. H. D. Holland and K. K. Turekian, Exec. eds.; Vol. 4, The Atmosphere. R. F. Keeling, Ed., 2003; ISBN: 0-08-044339-7; pp. 91-142.

Evaluation of a Chemical Transport Model for Sulfate using ACE-2 Observations and Attribution of Sulfate Mixing Ratios to Source Regions and Formation Processes. Benkovitz C. M., Schwartz S. E. and Kim B.-G. Geophys. Res. Lett. 30, 1641; doi:10.1029/2003GL016942 (2003).

Moment-based simulation of microphysical properties of sulfate aerosols in the eastern United States: Model description, evaluation and regional analysis. Yu S., Kasibhatla P. S., Wright D. L., Schwartz S. E., McGraw R. and Deng A. J. Geophys. Res.,108, 4353; doi:10.1029/2002JD002890 (2003).

Tropospheric Aerosols. Heintzenberg J., Raes F., and Schwartz S. E. (lead authors). In Atmospheric Chemistry in a Changing World - An Integration and Synthesis of a Decade of Tropospheric Chemistry Research. Brasseur G., Prinn R. G., and Pszenny A. A. P., Eds., Springer, Berlin, 2003. pp. 125-156. ISBN: 3-540-43050-4.

Climate Forcing by Aerosols--A Hazy Picture. Anderson T. L., Charlson R. J., Schwartz, S. E., Knutti R., Boucher O., Rodhe H., and Heintzenberg J. Science 300, 1103-1104 (2003). Discussion reply. 302, 1680-1681 (2003)

Cloud Chemistry. Schwartz S. E. In Handbook of Weather, Climate, and Water, Potter T. D. and Colman B. R., Eds., Wiley, 2003, pp. 355. ISBN: 0-471-21489-2.

2002

Uncertainty in Climate Models. Schwartz, S. E. Science (Letter), 296 , 2139-2140 (2002).

Influence of anthropogenic aerosol on cloud optical depth and albedo shown by satellite measurements and chemical transport modeling. Schwartz S. E., Harshvardhan and Benkovitz C. M. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.99, 1784-1789 (2002).

Aerosol influence on cloud microphysics examined by satellite measurements and chemical transport modeling. Harshvardhan, Schwartz S. E., Benkovitz C. M. and Guo G. J. Atmos. Sci.59, 714-725 (2002).

Retrieval of aerosol properties from moments of the particle size distribution for kernels involving the step function: Cloud droplet activation. Wright Jr., D. L., Yu, S., Kasibhatla, P. S., McGraw, R., Schwartz, S. E., Saxena, V. K., and Yue, G. K. J. Aerosol Sci.33, 319-337 (2002).

2001

Description and evaluation of a six-moment aerosol microphysical module for use in atmospheric chemical transport models. Wright D. L., P. S. Kasibhatla, R. McGraw and S. E. Schwartz. J. Geophys. Res.106, 20275-20291 (2001).

Dynamical influences on the distribution and loading of SO₂ and sulfate over North America, the North Atlantic and Europe in April 1987. Benkovitz C. M., Miller M. A., Schwartz S. E. and Kwon O-U. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2, doi:10.1029/2000GC000129 (2001).

2000

A comparison of scavenging and deposition processes in global models: Results from the WCRP Cambridge Workshop of 1995. Rasch P.J., Feichter J., Law K., Mahowald N., Penner J., Benkovitz C., Genthon C., Giannakopoulos C., Kasibhatla P., Koch D., Levy H., Maki T., Prather M., Roberts D. L., Roelofs G.-J., Stevenson D., Stockwell Z., Taguchi S., Kritz M., Chipperfield M., Baldocchi D., McMurry P., Barrie L., Balkanski Y., Chatfield R., Kjellstrom E., Lawrence M., Lee H. N., Lelieveld J., Noone K. J., Seinfeld J., Stenchikov G., Schwartz S., Walcek C., Williamson D., Tellus 52B, 1025-1056 (2000).

Comparison of Model Estimated and Measured Diffuse Downward Surface Irradiance in Cloud-Free Skies. Halthore R. N. and Schwartz, S. E., J. Geophys. Res.105, 20165-21077 (2000).

Absorbing Phenomena. Schwartz S. E., and Buseck P. R. Science288, 989-990 (2000).

Six-moment representation of multiple aerosol populations in a sub-hemispheric chemical transformation model. D. L. Wright, R. McGraw, C. M. Benkovitz and S. E. Schwartz. Geophys. Res. Lett.27, 967-970 (2000).

Comparison of aerosol optical depth inferred from surface measurements with that determined by sun photometry for cloud-free conditions at a continental U.S. site. Bergin, M. H., Schwartz, S. E., Halthore, R. N., Ogren, J. A., and Hlavka, D. L. J. Geophys. Res.105, 6807-6816 (2000).

Sulfur Chemistry in the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model: Description, Evaluation, Features and Sensitivity to Aqueous Chemistry. Barth M. C., Rasch P. J., Kiehl J. T., Benkovitz C. M., and Schwartz S. E. J. Geophys, Res.105, 1387-1415 (2000).

A description of the global sulfur cycle and its controlling processes in the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model, Version 3. Rasch P. J., Barth M. C., Kiehl J. T., Schwartz S. E. and Benkovitz C. M. J. Geophys, Res.105, 1367-1385 (2000).

Influence of anthropogenic aerosol on cloud optical depth and albedo shown by satellite measurements and chemical transport modeling. Schwartz S. E., Harshvardhan and Benkovitz C. M. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.99, 1784-1789 (2002).

Aerosol influence on cloud microphysics examined by satellite measurements and chemical transport modeling. Harshvardhan, Schwartz S. E., Benkovitz C. M. and Guo G. J. Atmos. Sci.59, 714-725 (2002).

Retrieval of aerosol properties from moments of the particle size distribution for kernels involving the step function: Cloud droplet activation. Wright Jr., D. L., Yu, S., Kasibhatla, P. S., McGraw, R., Schwartz, S. E., Saxena, V. K., and Yue, G. K. J. Aerosol Sci.33, 319-337 (2002).

2001

Description and evaluation of a six-moment aerosol microphysical module for use in atmospheric chemical transport models. Wright D. L., P. S. Kasibhatla, R. McGraw and S. E. Schwartz. J. Geophys. Res.106, 20275-20291 (2001).

Dynamical influences on the distribution and loading of SO₂ and sulfate over North America, the North Atlantic and Europe in April 1987. Benkovitz C. M., Miller M. A., Schwartz S. E. and Kwon O-U. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2, doi:10.1029/2000GC000129 (2001).

2000

A comparison of scavenging and deposition processes in global models: Results from the WCRP Cambridge Workshop of 1995. Rasch P.J., Feichter J., Law K., Mahowald N., Penner J., Benkovitz C., Genthon C., Giannakopoulos C., Kasibhatla P., Koch D., Levy H., Maki T., Prather M., Roberts D. L., Roelofs G.-J., Stevenson D., Stockwell Z., Taguchi S., Kritz M., Chipperfield M., Baldocchi D., McMurry P., Barrie L., Balkanski Y., Chatfield R., Kjellstrom E., Lawrence M., Lee H. N., Lelieveld J., Noone K. J., Seinfeld J., Stenchikov G., Schwartz S., Walcek C., Williamson D., Tellus 52B, 1025-1056 (2000).

Comparison of Model Estimated and Measured Diffuse Downward Surface Irradiance in Cloud-Free Skies. Halthore R. N. and Schwartz, S. E., J. Geophys. Res.105, 20165-21077 (2000).

Absorbing Phenomena. Schwartz S. E., and Buseck P. R. Science288, 989-990 (2000).

Six-moment representation of multiple aerosol populations in a sub-hemispheric chemical transformation model. D. L. Wright, R. McGraw, C. M. Benkovitz and S. E. Schwartz. Geophys. Res. Lett.27, 967-970 (2000).

Comparison of aerosol optical depth inferred from surface measurements with that determined by sun photometry for cloud-free conditions at a continental U.S. site. Bergin, M. H., Schwartz, S. E., Halthore, R. N., Ogren, J. A., and Hlavka, D. L. J. Geophys. Res.105, 6807-6816 (2000).

Sulfur Chemistry in the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model: Description, Evaluation, Features and Sensitivity to Aqueous Chemistry. Barth M. C., Rasch P. J., Kiehl J. T., Benkovitz C. M., and Schwartz S. E. J. Geophys, Res.105, 1387-1415 (2000).

A description of the global sulfur cycle and its controlling processes in the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model, Version 3. Rasch P. J., Barth M. C., Kiehl J. T., Schwartz S. E. and Benkovitz C. M. J. Geophys, Res.105, 1367-1385 (2000).

SELECTED OLDER PUBLICATIONS

1999

Climate Change and Greenhouse Gases. Ledley T. S., Sundquist E. T., Schwartz S. E., Hall D. K., Fellows J. D. and Killeen T. L. Eos, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Un. 80, 453-458 (1999).

1998

Models Overestimate Diffuse Clear-Sky Surface Irradiance: A Case for Excess Atmospheric Absorption. Halthore R. N., Nemesure S., Schwartz S. E., Imre D. G., Berk A., Dutton E. G., and Bergin M. H., Geophys. Res. Lett.25, 3591-3594 (1998).

Intercomparison of models representing direct shortwave radiative forcing by sulfate aerosols. O. Boucher, S. E. Schwartz, T. P. Ackerman, T. L. Anderson, B. Bergstrom, B. Bonnel, P. Chylek, A. Dahlback, Y. Fouquart, Q. Fu, R. N. Halthore, J. M. Haywood, T. Iversen, S. Kato, S. Kinne, A. Kirkev�g, K. R. Knapp, A. Lacis, I. Laszlo, M. I. Mishchenko, S. Nemesure, V. Ramaswamy, D. L. Roberts, P. Russell, M. E. Schlesinger, G. L. Stephens, R. Wagener, M. Wang, J. Wong, and F. Yang. J. Geophys. Res.103, 16979-16908 (1998).

Properties and evolution of aerosols with size distributions having identical moments. McGraw, R., Nemesure, S., and Schwartz, S. E. J. Aerosol. Sci.29, 761-772 (1998).

Apportionment of light scattering and hygroscopic growth to aerosol composition. McInnes, L. M., Bergin, M. H., Ogren, J. A., Schwartz, S. E. Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 513-516 (1998).

1997

Comparison of Model Estimated and Measured Direct-Normal Solar Irradiance. Halthore R. N., Schwartz, S. E., Michalsky, J. J., Anderson, G. P., Ferrare R. A., Holben B. N., and ten Brink H. M. J. Geophys. Res.102, 29991-30002 (1997).

Evaluation of Modeled Sulfate and SO₂ over North America and Europe for Four Seasonal Months in 1986-87. Benkovitz C. M. and Schwartz S. E. J. Geophys. Res.102, 25305-25338 (1997).

Evaporation of ammonium nitrate aerosol in a heated nephelometer: Implications for field measurements. Bergin, M. H, Ogren, J.A., Schwartz, S. E., and McInnes, L.M. Environ. Sci. Technol., 31, 2878-2883 (1997).

Aerosol optical depth over oceans: High space and time resolution retrieval and error budget from satellite radiometry. Wagener, R., Nemesure, S., and Schwartz, S. E. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 14, 577-590 (1997).

1996

The Whitehouse Effect--Shortwave radiative forcing of climate by anthropogenic aerosols: An overview. Schwartz, S. E. J. Aerosol. Sci. 27, 359-382 (1996).

Uncertainty in climate change caused by aerosols. Schwartz, S. E. and Andreae, M. O. Science272, 1121-1122 (1996).

Enhanced shortwave cloud radiative forcing due to anthropogenic aerosols. Schwartz S. E. and Slingo A. In Clouds, Chemistry and Climate--Proceedings of NATO Advanced Research Workshop. Crutzen P. and Ramanathan V., Eds. Springer, Heidelberg, 1996, pp. 191-236.

1995

Direct shortwave forcing of climate by anthropogenic sulfate aerosol: Sensitivity to particle size, composition, and relative humidity. Nemesure, S., Wagener, R., and Schwartz S. E. J. Geophys. Res.100, 26105-26116 (1995).

Optical properties of atmospheric aerosols from moments of the particle size distribution. McGraw, R., Huang, P. and Schwartz, S. E., Geophys. Res. Lttrs. 22, 2929-2932 (1995).

Discussion: Laboratory study of NO₂ reaction with dispersed and bulk liquid water. Schwartz, S. E. and Lee, Y.-N. Atmos. Environ. 29, 2557-2559

(1995).

Climate response to radiative forcings by aerosols and greenhouse gases. Cox S. J., Wang W.-C. and Schwartz S. E., Geophys. Res. Lttrs.22, 2509-2512 (1995).

Field observations in continental stratiform clouds: Partitioning of cloud particles between droplets and unactivated interstitial aerosols. Gillani, N. V., Schwartz, S. E., Leaitch, W. R., Strapp, J. W., and Isaac G. A. J. Geophys. Res.100, 18687-18706 (1995).

Units for use in atmospheric chemistry. Schwartz, S. E. and Warneck, P. Pure Appl. Chem.67, 1377-1406 (1995).

Connections between aerosol properties and forcing of climate. Schwartz S. E., Arnold F., Blanchet J.-P., Durkee P., Hofmann D. J., Hoppel W., King M. D., Lacis A., Nakajima T., Ogren J. A., Toon O. B., and Wendisch M. In Aerosol Forcing of Climate. Charlson R. J. and Heintzenberg J., Eds. pp. 251-280. Wiley, New York, 1995.

The scavenging of nitrate by clouds and precipitation. Wurzler, S., Flossmann, A. I., Pruppacher, H. R. and Schwartz, S. E. J. Atmos. Chem.20, 259-280 (1995).

1994

Sulfate over the North Atlantic and adjacent continental regions: Evaluation for October and November 1986 using a three-dimensional model driven by observation-derived meteorology. Benkovitz, C. M., Berkowitz, C. M., Easter, R. C., Nemesure, S., Wagener, R., and Schwartz, S. E. J. Geophys. Res.99, 20725-20756 (1994).

Climate forcing by gases and aerosols. Schwartz, S. E., Pure Appl. Chem.. 66, 178-187, (1994).

Quantifying and minimizing uncertainty of climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols. Penner, J. E., Charlson, R. J., Laulainen, N., Leifer, R., Novakov, T., Ogren, J., Radke, L. F., Schwartz, S. E., and Travis, L. Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.75, 375-400 (1994); Reply to comments, ibid., 2315-2316 (1994).

The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program: Programmatic background and design of the Cloud and Radiation Testbed. Stokes, G. M. and Schwartz, S. E., Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.75, 1201-1221 (1994).

Acid deposition: No such thing as a free launch. Schwartz, S. E. In The Environment--Global Problems, Local Solutions, Hickey J. E. and Longmire L. A., Eds., pp. 61-77. Greenwood Press, Westport CT, 1994.

Cloud studies seen from a physical chemist's perspective. Schwartz S. E. Proceedings of the Sixth European Symposium, Varese, Italy, 18-22 October, 1993 G. Angeletti and G. Restelli, Eds. Office of Official Publications of the European Commission, Luxembourg, Vol 2, pp. 891-900, 1994.

1993

Does fossil fuel combustion lead to global warming? Schwartz, S. E., Energy Internatl. J.18, 1229-1248 (1993).

Seasonal, latitudinal, and secular variations in temperature trend: Evidence for influence of anthropogenic sulfate. Hunter, D. E., Schwartz, S. E., Wagener, R., and Benkovitz, C. M., Geophys. Res. Lett.20, 2455-2458 (1993).

1992

Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols. Charlson R. J., Schwartz S. E., Hales J. M., Cess R. D., Coakley J. A., Jr., Hansen J. E. and Hofmann D. J. Science255, 423-430 (1992).

Why is clean air clean? Schwartz, S. E. In Precipitation Scavenging and Atmosphere-Surface Exchange, Schwartz, S. E. and Slinn, W. G. N., Coord. Eds. Vol. 1, pp. 393-399. Hemisphere, Washington DC, 1992.

Factors Governing Dry Deposition of Gases to Surface Water Schwartz, S. E. In Precipitation Scavenging and Atmosphere-Surface Exchange, Schwartz, S. E. and Slinn, W. G. N., Coord. Eds. Vol. 2, pp. 789-801. Hemisphere, Washington DC, 1992.

1989

Acid deposition: Unraveling a regional phenomenon. Schwartz S. E. Science243, 753-763 (1989). In 2017 on the fortieth anniversary of the founding of the Department of Energy this paper was designated by the Department as one of 40 "Research Milestones" in the history of the Department.

1988

Are global cloud albedo and climate controlled by marine phytoplankton? Schwartz S. E. Nature 336, 441-445 (1988); doi:10.1038/336441a0 . Scientific correspondence: Sulphate aerosols and climate. ibid340, 515-516 (1989).

1987

Both sides now. Schwartz S. E. Ann. NY Acad. Sci.502, 83-144 (1987).

Efficient scavenging of aerosol sulfate by liquid-water clouds. Ten Brink H. M., Schwartz S. E. and Daum P. H. Atmos. Environ.21, 2035-2052 (1987).

1986

Mass-transport considerations pertinent to aqueous-phase reactions of gases in liquid-water clouds. Schwartz, S. E. In Chemistry of Multiphase Atmospheric Systems, W. Jaeschke, Ed, pp. 415-471. Springer, Heidelberg, 1986.

1982

In-cloud and below-cloud scavenging of nitric acid vapor. Levine, S. Z. and Schwartz, S. E. Atmos. Environ. 16 1725-1734 (1982).

1981

Mass-transport limitation to the rate of reaction of gases in liquid droplets: Application to oxidation of SO₂ in aqueous solutions. Schwartz, S. E. and Freiberg, J. E., Atmos. Environ.15, 1129-1144 (1981). This paper was recognized by the 2003 Haagen-Smit Award for an "outstanding paper" published in Atmospheric Environment.

Oxidation of SO₂ in aqueous droplets: Mass-transport limitation in laboratory studies and the ambient atmosphere. Freiberg, J. E. and Schwartz, S. E., Atmos. Environ.15, 1145-1154 (1981).

Hydrolysis Equilibrium of Dinitrogen Trioxide in Dilute Acid Solution. Markovits G. Y., Schwartz S. E., and Newman L. Inorg. Chem20, 445-450 (1981).

1979

Residence times in reservoirs under non-steady-state conditions: application to atmospheric SO₂ and aerosol sulfate. Schwartz, S. E., Tellus31, 530-547 (1979).

LETTERS AND OTHER UNREFEREED PUBLICATIONS

Interactive comment on "What could we learn about climate sensitivity from variability in the surface temperature record?" by James Douglas Annan et al. Schwartz, S. E. Earth Syst. Dynam. Discuss., 2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-2019-90-SC4

Schmidt receives 2011 Climate Communication Prize: Citation. Cobb K., deMenocal P., Schwartz S. E. and Vermeer M. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union93 (3), 33, 2012. doi/10.1029/2012EO030012

Interactive comment on "Are black carbon and soot the same?" by P. R. Buseck et al.: Disagreement on proposed nomenclature Schwartz, S. E. and Lewis E. R. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 12, C9099-C9109, 2012. www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/12/C9099/2012/

Interactive comment on "Carbon dioxide and climate impulse response functions for the computation of greenhouse gas metrics: a multi-model analysis" by F. Joos et al. Schwartz, S. E. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 12, C5982-C5984, 2012. www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/12/C5982/2012/

Diverse Views on Climate Change. Garrett T., Dubey M. and Schwartz, S. Eos Trans. Amer. Geophys. Un., Vol.93, No.15, 10 April 2012, p. 157. DOI: 10.1029/2012EO150007

A Fool's Errand: How Not to Conduct a Research Solicitation. Schwartz, S. E. Eos Trans. Amer. Geophys. Un., Vol.91, No.12, 23 March 2010, p. 111. DOI: 10.1029/2010EO120005

Let unbiased science inform greenhouse gas emissions debate. Schwartz, S. E. Village Beacon Record, Port Jefferson, NY, December 10, 2009, pp. A14, A18.

Changing the research climate. Schwartz, S. E. Chem. Eng. News 81 (51), 59 (December 22, 2003).

James P. Lodge, Jr.: A tribute to an editor. Schwartz, S. E. Atmos. Environ.37, 1159-1160 (2003).

Uncertainty in Climate Models. Schwartz, S. E. Science296, 2139-2140 (2002).

Book Review, The Forgiving Air: Understanding Environmental Change, by Richard C. J. Somerville. Schwartz, S. E. Environ. Devel.6, 196-201 (1997).

PRESENTATIONS

Please feel free to incorporate materials from these presentations in presentations of your own, as I have done with materials from others, giving credit, as appropriate, to me or to the original source, as I have tried to do. Information is for sharing. To request content, please send an email to stephen.schwartz@stonybrook.edu indicating which item(s) you would like.

2024

Observationally Constrained Budget and Lifetime of Excess Atmospheric CO2: In Praise of Simple Models.Stephen E. Schwartz, Los Alamos National Laboratory, February 26, 2024

2022

How does the acid get into the rain? Stephen E. Schwartz. Haagen-Smit Clean Air Leadership Talks, California Air Resources Board, Riverside CA, May 20, 2020.

2021

Lifetime of Excess Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide. Stephen E. Schwartz. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting, December 13-17, 2021. Abstract GC25C-0665. Poster.

Earth's Transient Climate Sensitivity Evaluated From AR6 Estimates of Total Forcing and Observed Time Series of Global Temperature Change. Stephen E. Schwartz. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting, December 13-17, 2021. Abstract A45E-1884. Poster.

2020

Lifetime of Anthropogenic CO₂. Stephen E. Schwartz. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Queens College, Queens, New York, March 11,2020.

2019

Stabilizing Carbon Dioxide. Stephen E. Schwartz. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, December 9-13, 2019. Abstract GC33F-1433.

Bounding aerosol radiative forcing of climate change. N. Bellouin, J. Quaas, E. Gryspeerdt, S. Kinne, P. Stier, D. Watson-Parris, O. Boucher, K. Carslaw, M. Christensen, A.-L. Daniau, J.-L. Dufresne, G. Feingold, S. Fiedler, P. Forster, A. Gettelman, J. M. Haywood, U. Lohmann, F. Malavelle, T. Mauritsen, D. McCoy, G. Myhre, J. Muelmenstaedt, D. Neubauer, A. Possner, M. Rugenstein, Y. Sato, M. Schulz, S. E. Schwartz, O. Sourdeval, T. Storelvmo, V. Toll, D. Winker, and B. B. Stevens. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, December 9-13, 2019. Abstract A31N-2737.

How long does anthropogenic CO₂ stay in the atmosphere? Stephen E. Schwartz. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York NY, November 13, 2019.

How long does anthropogenic CO₂ stay in the atmosphere? Stephen E. Schwartz. Topics in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (TAOS) Seminar, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY, October 16, 2019.

How long does anthropogenic CO₂ stay in the atmosphere? Stephen E. Schwartz. Goddard Scientific Colloquium, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt MD, April 17, 2019.

How long does anthropogenic CO₂ stay in the atmosphere? Stephen E. Schwartz. Environmental and Climate Sciences, BNL, April 4, 2019.

How long does anthropogenic CO₂ stay in the atmosphere? Stephen E. Schwartz. University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, January 24, 2019.

2018

Deep insights from simple models. Stephen E. Schwartz. Stephen Schneider Lecture, American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, December 10-14, 2018, Washington DC. Invited.

Parcel Model for Aerosol Activation. Stephen E. Schwartz. 9th Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Science Team Meeting, March 19-23, 2018, Vienna, VA. Poster.

Unrealized Global Temperature Increase — The Cold Turkey Experiment Schwartz, S. E., Universität Leipzig, Institute for Meteorology, Leipzig, Germany, March 9, 2018.

High-Resolution Photography of Clouds from the Surface Schwartz, S. E., Leipziger Meteorologisches Kolloquium, Leipzig, Germany, March 8, 2018.

2017

Radiative Cloud Fraction: A threshold- and resolution-independent measure of fractional cloudiness Schwartz, S. E., Gordon Research Conference, Radiation and Climate, Lewiston ME, July 16-21, 2017 (Poster); cite as personal communication.

Optical instruments synergy in determination of optical depth of thin clouds. Daniela Viviana Vladutescu, Stephen E. Schwartz and Dong Huang. 28^th ILRC Conference (International Laser Radar Conference), Bucharest, Romania, June 26-30, 2017.

Radiative cloud fraction: Determination by high resolution photography from the surface looking upward. Stephen E. Schwartz. Clouds, Their Properties, and Their Climate Feedbacks: What have we learned in the satellite era? A symposium to celebrate William B. Rossow's science contributions and retirement Columbia University, New York, N.Y. June 6-8, 2017.

Radiative cloud fraction: Determination by high resolution photography from the surface looking upward. Stephen E. Schwartz. Brookhaven National Laboratory. June 1, 2017.

Can Global Temperature Rise be Limited to 2 Degrees? The Cold Turkey Experiment. Stephen E. Schwartz. Washington University in St. Louis, March 31, 2017, St. Louis, Mo.

Optical Depth and Structure of Thin Clouds at Centimeter Scales. Stephen E. Schwartz, Dong Huang, and Daniela Viviana Vladutescu. 8th Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Science Team Meeting, March 13-16, 2017, Vienna, VA. Poster.

Can Global Temperature Rise be Limited to 2 Degrees? What do we need to know and how well do we need to know it? Stephen E. Schwartz. BNL LSST Journal Club. February 17, 2017.

Can Global Temperature Rise be Limited to 2 Degrees? What do we need to know and how well do we need to know it? Stephen E. Schwartz. Fourth Santa Fe Conference on Global and Regional Climate Change. Santa Fe NM, February 5-10, 2017.

2016

Retrieval of Images of Optical Depth of Thin Clouds at Centimeter Scales by High-Resolution Photography from the Surface. Stephen E. Schwartz, Dong Huang, and Viviana Vladutescu. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, December 12-16, 2016. Abstract A31M-10.

Water, water every where, nor any drop to drink: Water vapor as a radiative forcing agent? Stephen E. Schwartz and Jorge E. Gonzalez. Energy & Water Cycles in Urban-Natural Landscapes: Challenges & Opportunities. Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton, NY, November 17-18, 2016.

Retrieval of Images of Optical Depth of Thin Clouds at Centimeter Scales by High-Resolution Photography from the Surface. Stephen E. Schwartz, Dong Juang, and Viviana Vladutescu. TAOS Seminar, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, November 16, 2016.

Video

Retrieval of Images of Optical Depth of Thin Clouds at Centimeter Scales by High-Resolution Photography from the Surface. Stephen E. Schwartz. Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel, September 15, 2016.

Characterization of Clouds at Sub-Meter Scales by High Resolution Photography from the Surface. Stephen E. Schwartz. Aerodyne, Inc., Billerica MA, August 25, 2016.

Characterization of Clouds at Sub-Meter Scales by High Resolution Photography from the Surface. Stephen E. Schwartz, Dong Huang, and Viviana Vladutescu. Yoram Kaufman Memorial Symposium, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt MD, June 21-23, 2016.

Characterization of Clouds at Sub-Meter Scales by High Resolution Photography from the Surface. Stephen E. Schwartz, Dong Huang, and Viviana Vladutescu. ECS Department, BNL, June 16, 2016.

Short-Range Structure of Cloud Optical Depth in North Central Oklahoma Determined by High Resolution Photography from the Surface. Stephen E. Schwartz, Dong Huang, and Daniela Viviana Vladutescu. 7th Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Science Team Meeting, May 2-5, 2016, Vienna, VA. Poster.

2015

Short-Range Structure of Clouds Studied by High Resolution Photography From the Surface. Stephen E. Schwartz, Dong Huang, and Daniela Viviana Vladutescu. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, December 14-18, 2015. Poster. Abstract A51D-0085.

Energy, Carbon Dioxide, and Climate Change. Stephen E. Schwartz. St. John's University, Queens, New York, November 9, 2015.

Short range structure of clouds by high resolution digital photography from the surface Stephen E. Schwartz and Dong Huang .Scales and Scaling in the Climate System: Bridging theory, climate models and data, Jouvence Centre, Quebec, October 4-7, 2015.

What can we learn from high resolution photography of clouds from the surface? Schwartz, S. E., Gordon Research Conference, Radiation and Climate, Lewiston ME, July 26-31, 2015 (Poster); cite as personal communication.

Remote sensing of clouds and calibration using Fujifilm Finepix S1 digital camera. Characterization of the effects of cloud heterogeneity on cloud fraction and cloud radiative effects. Li, C., S. E. Schwartz, V. Vladutescu and A. Aguirre. American Meteorological Society 95th Annual Meeting, January, 2015. Paper 268669. Poster. Outstanding Student Poster Presentation Award.

2014

What can we Learn From High Resolution Digital Photography of Clouds? Schwartz S. E., V. Vladutescu, A. Aguirre, and C. Li. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, December, 2014. NG34A-04.

Cloud Fraction: Can it be defined, can it be measured, and if we knew it would it be of any use to us anyway? And what can we learn from high resolution digital photography of clouds? Schwartz S. E., BECS Seminar, December 5, 2014.

Cloud Fraction: Can it be defined, Can it be measured, And if we knew it would it be of any use to us anyway? Schwartz S. E., Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, October 19, 2014.

Earth's climate sensitivity: Apparent inconsistencies in recent analyses. Schwartz, S. E., Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden, March 13, 2014.

Climate sensitivity: How much will global temperature increase for a given concentration of CO₂ and other climate forcers? Schwartz, S. E., Introductory Talk: Symposium: How has the new IPCC report influenced our understanding of current and future climate change? Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, March 11, 2014.

2013

Solving climate uncertainty one tiny satellite at a time: Earth's Radiation Imbalance System. Dyrud L. P.; Wiscombe W. J.; Nag S.; Lorentz S. R.; Trenberth K. E. ; Chiu J.-Y. C.; Rossow W. B.; Schwartz S. E.; Swartz W. H., American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, December, 2013. GC44A03.

Cloud Fraction: Can it be defined and measured? And if we knew it would it be of any use to us? Schwartz S. E., American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, December, 2013. A43H03.

Empirical determination of Earth's climate sensitivity and implications of present uncertainties. Schwartz, S. E., Workshop on Accounting for Uncertainty:A Conversation with Climate Scientists and Economists, Yale University, New Haven, CT, November 21, 2013.

Why has earth not warmed as much as expected? And why is this so important? Schwartz, S. E., Michigan Technical University, Houghton MI, October 7, 2013.

Climate change: A really tough scientific problem. Schwartz, S. E., Physics 311: Connections in Science "Energy Problems" Stony Brook University September 26, 2013.

The upscatter fraction and all that. Schwartz, S. E., The Resurgence of the Atmospheric Radiation Subject since Manabe-Wetherald (1967) -- A Wiscombe-fest: The many joys of clouds, droplets, radiative transfer, and so on. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD July 29-31, 2013.

Cloud fraction: Can it be defined and measured? Schwartz, S. E., Gordon Research Conference, Radiation and Climate, New London NH, July 7-12, 2013 (Poster); cite as personal communication.

Why has earth not warmed as much as expected? And why is this so important? Schwartz, S. E., 487th Brookhaven Lecture, Upton NY, May 15, 2013.

Cloud fraction: Can it be unambiguously defined? Can it be uniquely measured? And if we knew it would it be of any use to us? Schwartz, S. E., Atmospheric Systems Research Science Team Meeting, Potomac MD, March 18-21, 2013.

Cloud fraction: Can it be defined and measured? Schwartz, S. E., Atmospheric Systems Research Science Team Meeting, Potomac MD, March 18-21, 2013 (Poster).

2012

Observation based interpretation of climate change via simple energy-balance models. Schwartz S. E., Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden May 24, 2012.

IPCC and climate change assessment: Is the science robust enough for reliable societal advice? Schwartz S. E., Symposium in Honour of Bert Bolin on Natural and Man-made Climate Change, Stockholm, Sweden May 21-23, 2012.

Earth's energy imbalance and its implications for understanding climate change. Schwartz S. E., Symposium in Honour of Bert Bolin on Natural and Man-made Climate Change, Stockholm, Sweden May 21-23, 2012.

Earth's energy imbalance: Importance, approaches, issues. Schwartz S. E., Workshop on Earth's Energy Imbalance, Brookhaven National Laboratory and Stony Brook University, May 16-18, 2012.

Earth's energy imbalance: Introduction to the workshop. Schwartz, S. E., Workshop on Earth's Energy Imbalance, Brookhaven National Laboratory and Stony Brook University, May 16-18, 2012.

Energy Flows in Earth's Climate System. Schwartz S. E., Wu W., and Stevens B. ASR Science Team Meeting, March 12-15, 2012, Crystal City VA.

An Ecological Approach to Climate and Climate Change. Schwartz S. E. Brookhaven National Laboratory, January 4, 2012.

2011

Earth's Heat Uptake Coefficient and Transient and Equilibrium Climate Sensitivities. Schwartz S. E. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco CA, December, 2011. GC53B01.

Toward an Ecology of Climate and Climate Change. Schwartz S. E. Priestley Lecture. Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research (CAWCR) 5th Annual Workshop on Atmospheric Composition Observations and Modelling and the Cape Grim Annual Science Meeting. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Australia, November 16, 2011.

Fossil Energy, CO₂, Climate Change, and the Aerosol Problem. Schwartz S. E. IYC (International Year of Chemistry) O₃ Symposium on Stratospheric Ozone and Climate Change, Washington DC, November 7-10, 2011. Invited.

Earth's transient and equilibrium climate sensitivities: How much can we learn from observations? Schwartz S. E. Third Santa Fe Conference on Global and Regional Climate Change, Santa Fe, NM, October 30 - November 4, 2011. Invited.

Why hasn't Earth warmed as much as expected? Schwartz, S. E. Rutgers University, Department of Environmental Sciences, April 8, 2011.

Why hasn't Earth warmed as much as expected? Schwartz, S. E. Desert Research Institute, Reno NV, April 4, 2011.

Variation of aerosol optical properties and radiative implications. Schwartz S. E., Aerosol Metrology for Climate Workshop, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, March 14-15, 2011. Invited.

Relating climate forcings and climate response. Schwartz S. E. Workshop on Observing and Modelling Earth's Energy Flows, International Space Science Institute, Bern, Switzerland, January 10-14, 2011. Invited.

Do aerosols change cloud cover and affect climate? Schwartz S. E. Workshop on Observing and Modelling Earth's Energy Flows, International Space Science Institute, Bern, Switzerland, January 10-14, 2011. Invited.

2010

Production Flux of Sea-Spray Aerosol. de Leeuw G., Andreas E. L, Anguelova M.D., Fairall C. W., Lewis E. R., O'Dowd C., Schulz M. and Schwartz S. E. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco CA, December, 2010. A41H-02.

Well Known . . . to a Few People: Attribution of Excess Atmospheric CO₂ and Resulting Global Temperature Change to Fossil Fuel and Land Use Change Emissions. Schwartz, S. E. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco CA, December, 2010. Poster A21A-0018.

Understanding the influences of atmospheric aerosols on climate and climate change and representing them in models: A tall order. Schwartz, S. E. Workshop on Challenges in Characterizing Small Particles: Exploring Particles from the Nano- to Microscale, National Academy of Sciences, Washington DC, October 25-26, 2010. Invited.

Why hasn't Earth warmed as much as expected? Schwartz, S. E. University of Minnesota, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Minneapolis, MN, September 22, 2010.

Why hasn't Earth warmed as much as expected? Schwartz, S. E. TAOS (Topics in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences) Seminar, School of Marine & Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY, September 1, 2010.

Aerosol forcing, climate sensitivity, and allowable future CO₂ emissions. Schwartz, S. E. National Academy of Sciences, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Washington DC, May 5, 2010. Invited.

The Challenge of 1‰. Schwartz, S. E. CERES (Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System) Science Team Meeting, Newport News VA, April 27-29, 2010. Invited.

Climate models: Confidence, or Confidence Game? Schwartz, S. E. National Conference of State Legislatures, Spring Forum, Washington DC, April 8-10, 2010. Invited.

What is the Size- and Composition-Dependent Production Flux of Sea Spray Aerosol and Why do we Care? Schwartz, S. E. American Geophysical Union Ocean Sciences Meeting, Portland OR, February 22, 2010, IT11B-06. Invited.

Why hasn't the Earth climate warmed as much as expected? Schwartz, S. E. Stony Brook University -- Brookhaven National Laboratory Joint Symposium on Climate Change, Stony Brook NY, February 16, 2010.

Atmospheric aerosols: Their influences on climate and why it is essential that we understand them. Schwartz, S. E. National Research Council Chemical Sciences Roundtable, Washington DC February 2, 2010. Invited.

2009

Reversible Wetting of NaCl Nanoparticles at Relative Humidities below Deliquescence Observed by Environmental Non-Contact AFM. Bruzewicz D. A., A. Checco, B. M. Ocko, E. Lewis, R. L. McGraw, S. E. Schwartz. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting, San Francisco, December, 2009, A13B-0220. Poster.

Why hasn't earth warmed as much as expected? Schwartz S. E, Charlson R. J., Kahn R. A., Ogren J. A. and Rodhe H. Climate and Global Dynamics Seminar, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, October 6, 2009. (Viewgraphs: 4 Mbyte PDF file).

Why hasn't earth warmed as much as expected? Schwartz S. E, Charlson R. J., Kahn R. A., Ogren J. A. and Rodhe H. Global Monitoring Division Seminar, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder CO, October 2, 2009.

Why hasn't earth warmed as much as expected? Schwartz S. E, Charlson R. J., Kahn R. A., Ogren J. A. and Rodhe H. Gordon Research Conference on Radiation & Climate, Colby-Sawyer College New London, NH July 5-10, 2009, Invited.

Fourteen Years of Aerosol Optical Depth Measurements at the SGP CF. Michalsky, J., Flynn, C., Hodges, G., Schlemmer, J., Denn, F., Koontz, A., and Schwartz, S. Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Science Team Meeting, Louisville KY, March 30 - April 3, 2009. Poster.

Measurement Based Determination of Aerosol Forcings at ACRF Sites: Proposed Joint ASP-ARM Study. Schwartz S. E. Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Science Team Meeting, Louisville KY, March 30 - April 3, 2009. Poster.

The Humidity Dependence of the Aerosol Scattering Coefficient and its Contributions from Particle Size and Refractive Index. Lewis, E. and Schwartz, S. E. Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Science Team Meeting, Louisville KY, March 30 - April 3, 2009. Poster.

Consider a spherical Earth: Heat capacity, time constant and sensitivity of Earth's climate system. S. E. Schwartz. Scientific Colloquium, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt MD, February 13, 2009.

2008

Defining and Quantifying Feedbacks in Earth's Climate System. Schwartz S. E., American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting, San Francisco, December, 2008, A21D-0195. Poster.

Climate change: The knowns, the known unknowns, and the unknown unknowns. S. E. Schwartz. Department of Energy Brookhaven Area Office. Upton NY, December 9, 2008. (Viewgraphs: 26 Mbyte PDF file).

Atmospheric CO₂ -- A global limiting resource: How much fossil carbon can we burn? Schwartz S. E., Advanced Energy Conference: Solutions to a Global Crisis, Hauppauge NY, November 19-20, 2008.

Climate sensitivity and the role of aerosols. Schwartz S. E., Joint Meeting, ARM Aerosol and Cloud Properties Working Groups, Lansdowne VA, November 11-13, 2008.

Determining aerosol radiative forcing at ARM sites: A challenge for ASP and ARM. Schwartz S. E., Joint Meeting, ARM Aerosol and Cloud Properties Working Groups, Lansdowne VA, November 11-13, 2008.

Consider a spherical Earth: Heat capacity, time constant and sensitivity of Earth's climate system. Schwartz S. E., Pusan National University, Busan, Korea, October 27, 2008.

Climate Change: Certainties and Uncertainties. Schwartz S. E., Korean Meteorological Society, Autumn Meeting, Daejon, Korea, October 23, 2008. Invited plenary lecture.

Earth's climate sensitivity: What it means and what it means to us. Schwartz S. E., Kangnung National University, Gangnung, Korea, October 20, 2008.

Improving predictions of climate change: Observational and modeling requirements. Schwartz S. E., International Workshop on Integrated Responses to Climate Change, Seoul, Korea, October 16, 2008. Invited plenary lecture.

Uncertainty in climate sensitivity: Causes, consequences, challenges. Schwartz S. E., Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, October 15, 2008.

Consider a spherical Earth: Heat capacity, time constant and sensitivity of Earth's climate system. Schwartz S. E., Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, October 14, 2008.

Earth's climate sensitivity: What it means and what it means to us. Schwartz S. E., Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, September 5, 2008.

Consider a spherical Earth: Heat capacity, time constant and sensitivity of Earth's climate system. Schwartz S. E., Topics in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Seminar, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, September 3, 2008.

Atmospheric science meets nanoscience: The role of aerosols in climate change. Schwartz S. E., BNL Center for Functional Nanomaterials Department Retreat, Oldfield NY, July 9, 2008.

It's about time: Characteristic times in biogeochemistry and climate. Schwartz S. E., Symposium on biogeochemical cycling and climate in honor of Professor Henning Rodhe on the occasion of his retirement from the chair of Chemical Meteorology, Stockholm University, May 23, 2008.

The Department of Energy Atmospheric Science Program: Highlights from the 2008 Science Team Meeting And The DOE Climate "Grand Challenge". Schwartz S. E. and Williamson A., Atmospheric Composition Interagency Working Group, U.S. Climate Change Science Program, Washington DC, April 8, 2008.

"Grand Challenge" Requirements for Aerosol Research. Schwartz S. E., Workshop on Identifying Outstanding Grand Challenges in Climate Change Research: Guiding DOE's Strategic Planning, Arlington VA, March 25-27, 2008.

Efficacy of aerosol - cloud interactions under varying meteorological conditions: Southern Great Plains vs. Pt. Reyes. B.-G. Kim, M. Miller, S. Schwartz, Y. Liu, M. Dunn, and Q. Min, Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Science Team Meeting, Norfolk, VA March 10-14, 2008.

Investigations of hygroscopic growth and phase transitions of atmospheric particles by noncontact atomic force microscopy (AFM). Ocko B., Oatis S., Strasberg M., Schwartz S. and Checco A., American Physical Society March Meeting, New Orleans, March 10-14, 2008, Abstract: W26.00003.

ASP, Aerosol forcing, and climate change. Schwartz S. E., Department of Energy Atmospheric Science Program 2008 Science Team Meeting, Annapolis MD, February 25-27, 2008.

Sensitivity of aerosol particle number concentration and size to new particle formation mechanism and primary emissions in a continental scale chemical transport model. Chang L.-S., Schwartz S. E., Wright D. L., Lewis E. R. and McGraw R., Department of Energy Atmospheric Science Program 2008 Science Team Meeting, Annapolis MD, February 25-27, 2008. Large File Warning 18 Mbyte PDF file)

Empirical determination of heat capacity, time constant, and sensitivity of earth's climate system, and inverse calculation of total forcing and aerosol forcing. Schwartz S. E., Department of Energy Atmospheric Science Program 2008 Science Team Meeting, Annapolis MD, February 25-27, 2008.

2007

Inverse Calculation of Aerosol Forcing. Schwartz S. E. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting, San Francisco, December, 2007, A21H-01. Invited presentation.

The Role of Adiabaticity in the Aerosol First Indirect Effect. Kim B.-G., Miller M. A., Schwartz S. E., Liu Y., and Min Q. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting, San Francisco, December, 2007, A11A-0033, poster.

Climate Change: Certainties and Uncertainties. Schwartz S. E., Lindseth Lecture, Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, November 20, 2007.

Consider a Spherical Earth: What can we learn about climate change from energy balance models? Schwartz S. E., Earth and Atmospheric Science, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, November 19, 2007.

Climate change: Certainties and Uncertainties. Schwartz S. E., Long Island Forum for Technology, Melville NY, November 14, 2007.

Some Chilling Considerations About Global Warming. Schwartz S. E., HERA Lecture, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY, November 12, 2007.

Empirical determination of the heat capacity, time constant, and sensitivity of Earth's climate system. Schwartz S. E., Workshop on Past, Present and Future Climate Dynamics, Feedback Mechanisms, and Land-Atmosphere Interactions. Vuosaari (Helsinki) Finland, 22-23 October 2007.

Climate change. Schwartz S. E., 60^th Anniversary Symposium, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton NY, October 19, 2007.

Time Constant, Heat Capacity and Sensitivity of Earth's Climate System. Schwartz S. E., Aerosols, properties, processes and climate: Interdisciplinary Tropospheric Research--From the Laboratory to Global Change. Heraklion, Crete, Greece, April 21 - 25, 2007.

Time Constant, Heat Capacity and Sensitivity of Earth's Climate System. Schwartz S. E., Frontiers in Geoscience Colloquium, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, N. M. February 12, 2007.

2006

Empirical Determination of the Time Constant, Heat Capacity, and Sensitivity of Earth's Climate System. Schwartz S. E., American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting, San Francisco, December, 2006, OS42A-01.

Direct Aerosol Forcing: Calculation from Observables and Sensitivities to Inputs. McComiskey A., Schwartz S. E., Schmid B., Ricchiazzi P., Lewis E. R., Guan H. and Ogren J. A. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting, San Francisco, December, 2006, Poster, A13B-0916.

Sensitivity of Concentration of Accumulation-mode Aerosol Particles to the Representation of New Particle Formation and Particle Emissions in Chemical Transport Models. Chang L.-S., Wright D. L., Lewis E. R., McGraw R. and Schwartz S. E., American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting, San Francisco, December, 2006; Abstract A22A-07.

Heat capacity, time constant, and sensitivity of earth's climate system. Schwartz S. E., Second International Conference on Global Warming and the Next Ice Age. Santa Fe. NM July 17-19 (2006).

Sensitivity of Modeled Number Concentrations to the Representation of New Particle Formation and Particle Emissions in Chemical Transport Models. Chang L.-S., Wright D. L., Lewis E. R., Schwartz S. E. and McGraw R. S., Second Workshop on Formation and Growth of Atmospheric Aerosols, Monticello MN, September 8-9, 2006. Poster.

Chilling Considerations about Global Warming: Greenhouse Gases, Aerosols, Radiative Forcing, and Implications. Schwartz S. E., Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, The University at Albany, April 18, 2006.

2005

Aerosol Influences on Climate: Radiative Forcing and Beyond. Schwartz S. E., American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting, San Francisco, December, 2005. Symposium on Impacts of Clouds and Aerosols on Terrestrial Carbon and Hydrological Cycles. Abstract A32A-05. Invited presentation.

Aerosol Direct Radiative Effects Over the Northwest Atlantic, Northwest Pacific, and North Indian Oceans: Estimates Based on In-situ Chemical and Optical Measurements Chemical Transport Modeling. Bates T. S., Anderson T. L., Baynard T., Bond T., Boucher O., Carmichael G., Clarke A., Erlick C., Guo H., Horowitz L., Howell S., Kulkarni S., Maring H., McComiskey A., Middlebrook A., Noone K., O'Dowd C. D., Ogren J. A., Penner J., Quinn P. K., Ravishankara A. R., Savoie D. L., Schwartz S. E., Shinozuka Y., Tang Y., Weber R. J., Wu Y. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting, San Francisco, December, 2005. Abstract A51G-03.

Aerosol Direct Radiative Effects Over the Northwest Atlantic, Northwest Pacific, and North Indian Oceans: Estimates Based on In-Situ Chemical and Optical Measurements and Chemical Transport Modeling and Their Relation to Decision-Support Information. Ravishankara A., Bates T., Anderson T., Carmichael G., Clarke A., Erlick C., Horowitz L., Quinn P., Schwartz S. and Maring H. Climate Change Science Program Workshop: Climate Science in Support of Decision Making, 14-16 November 2005, Arlington VA. Poster P-GC1.11

Doing Something About the Climate: Greenhouse Gases, Aerosols, Radiative Forcing, and Implications. Schwartz S. E. Physics Colloquium, Brookhaven National Laboratory, November 8, 2005.

The DOE Atmospheric Science Program: Program Status and Meeting Outline & Objectives. Schwartz S. E., Atmospheric Science Program Annual Science Team Meeting (FY 2006), Alexandria VA, October 31 - November 1, 2005.

The Department of Energy's Atmospheric Science Program: Chemical and microphysical processes affecting atmospheric aerosols and their influences on atmospheric radiation and climate. Schwartz S. E. Gordon Research Conference, Atmospheric Chemistry, Big Sky MN, Sept 4-9, 2005. Poster.

The Department of Energy's Atmospheric Science Program: Chemical and microphysical processes affecting atmospheric aerosols and their influences on atmospheric radiation and climate. Schwartz S. E. ACCESS VIII: Atmospheric Chemistry Colloquium for Emerging Senior Scientists, Yellowstone National Park, Sept. 2- 4, 2005.

Aerosols: Non-CO₂ Non-Greenhouse Non-Gas Forcing. Schwartz S. E. American Geophysical Union Spring Meeting, New Orleans, May 23-27, 2005.

Aerosol radiative forcing: Why it is essential that this be quantified and how well it needs to be known. Schwartz S. E., Workshop on Interactions of Climate Change and Regional Air Quality. Electric Power Research Institute. Washington DC, April 26- 27, 2005. Invited presentation.

Radiative forcing of climate change by aerosols: Why this is important and how well it needs to be known. Schwartz S. E. Australian Aerosol Workshop, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, March 30 - April 1, 2005. Invited Presentation.

Aerosols Down Under: A Yank Looks at the Cleanhouse. Schwartz S. E. Australian Aerosol Workshop, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, March 30 - April 1, 2005. Invited Presentation.

Radius and refractive index of aqueous inorganic aerosol particles: Accurate approximations for dependence on relative humidity. Lewis E. and Schwartz S. E. 15th ARM Science Team Meeting. Daytona Beach FL. March 14-17, 2005.

Influence of Atmospheric Stability on the Cloud Drop Effective Radius Determined by Ground-based Remote Sensing. Kim B.-G., Miller M., Min Q. and Schwartz S. E. 15th ARM Science Team Meeting. Daytona Beach FL. March 14-17, 2005.

Direct Aerosol Forcing: Calculation from Observables and Sensitivities to Inputs. McComiskey A., Schwartz S. E., Ricchiazzi P., Ogren J., Michalsky J. and Lewis E. 15th ARM Science Team Meeting. Daytona Beach FL. March 14-17, 2005.

The DOE Atmospheric Science Program: Where we are and where we need to be going. Schwartz S. E. Department of Energy Atmospheric Science Program Annual Science Team Meeting, Charleston SC, Jan. 25-27, 2005.

Modeling Aerosol Processes in the DOE Atmospheric Science Program. Schwartz S., Wright D. and McGraw R. Department of Energy Atmospheric Science Program Annual Science Team Meeting, Charleston SC, Jan. 25-27, 2005.

2004

Sea Salt Aerosol Production: Parameterization and Uncertainty. Lewis E. R. and Schwartz S. E. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, December 13-17, 2004.

Measuring the Unmeasurable: Why Measurements Alone Cannot Quantify Aerosol Radiative Forcing of Climate Change. Schwartz S. E. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, December 13-17, 2004.

Aerosols and Climate Change: A Tutorial. Schwartz S. E., American Association for Aerosol Research, 23^rd Annual Conference, Atlanta, October 4, 2004.

Aerosols, Clouds, and Climate Change, Schwartz S. E., Plenary Lecture, 16th International Conference on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, Kyoto, Japan, July 26-30, 2004.

Indirect effect: How large is it? S. E. Schwartz. Aspen Global Change Institute Conference: "Aerosols and the Hydrological Cycle", Aspen CO, July 11-17, 2004.

Seasalt aerosol particles: Counting angels on the head of a pin? S. E. Schwartz. Workshop "Towards a Universal Sea Spray Source Function", Skipton, UK, May 11-13, 2004.

Aerosols and Climate Change: Certainties and Uncertainties S. E. Schwartz. Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York NY, April 21, 2004.

Aerosol Radiative Influences at SGP. S. E. Schwartz. 14th ARM Science Team Meeting, Albuquerque NM, March 22-26, 2004.

ARM (Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program) and ASP (Atmospheric Science Program). S. E. Schwartz. 14th ARM Science Team Meeting, Albuquerque NM, March 22-26, 2004.

Aerosols and Climate Change: Certainties and Uncertainties S. E. Schwartz. Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies, Center for the Study of Global Change, Topics in Global Change seminar, Yale University, New Haven CT, March 1, 2004.

Aerosols and Climate Change: Certainties and Uncertainties S. E. Schwartz. National Space Science and Technology Center, University of Alabama, Huntsville, February 18, 2004.

Statistics--Definitions and Issues: Deriving "Unbiased Symmetric" Metrics. Yu S., Eder B., Dennis R., Chu S.-H. and Schwartz S. PM Model Performance Workshop 2004, Research Triangle Park, NC, Feb. 10-11, 2004.

2003

Modeling radiative forcing by aerosols: How good is good enough? S. E. Schwartz. AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco CA, December 8-12, 2003.

Tropospheric aerosols: The wild card in radiative forcing of climate change. S. E. Schwartz. Symposium on the Chemistry of Global Climate Change. American Chemical Society, 226th National Meeting, New York, September 7 - 11, 2003. Invited presentation.

Aerosols and Climate Change: Certainties and Uncertainties S. E. Schwartz. Atmospheric Sciences Modeling Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, September 4, 2003.

Modeling Sulfate Chemistry on Hemispheric and Subhemispheric Scales: The Key, or the Key Under the Lamppost? S.E. Schwartz, Chemistry Seminar, Brookhaven National Laboratory, April 23, 2003.

Requirements for empirical determination of Earth's climate sensitivity. S. E. Schwartz. AAAS Annual Meeting, Denver CO, February 14-18, 2003.

2002

Cloud droplet effective radius derived from ground-based remote sensing at the ARM SGP and NSA sites. B.-G. Kim, S. E. Schwartz, M. A. Miller and Q. Min. AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco CA, December 6-10, 2002.

Moment-based representation of sulfate aerosol in the eastern United States and comparison with observations. S. Yu, P. S. Kasibhatla, D. L. Wright, A. Deng R. McGraw, S. E. Schwartz, AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco CA, December 6-10, 2002.

Essential directions for climate change research: Atmospheric composition and radiative forcing. S. E. Schwartz. U. S. Climate Change Science Program Planning Workshop for Scientists & Stakeholders, Washington DC, December 3-5, 2002.

Aerosols and Climate Change: Certainties and Uncertainties S. E. Schwartz. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, November 8, 2002.

Aerosols - The Colloids of the Atmosphere. Buseck P. R., and Schwartz S. E. 12th Annual VM Goldschmid Conference, Davos, Switzerland, August 18-23, 2002.

Influence of anthropogenic aerosol on cloud optical depth and albedo shown by satellite measurements and chemical transport modeling. Schwartz S. E., Harshvardhan, and Benkovitz C. M. 11th Conference on Atmospheric Radiation - 11th Conference on Cloud Physics, American Meteorological Society, June 2-7, 2002, Ogden Utah, Paper J2.6.

New developments in the moment-based representation of atmospheric aerosols. McGraw R., Wright D. L., and Schwartz S. E. American Geophysical Union, Spring Meeting, Washington May 28-31, 2002.

Moment-based representation of sulfate aerosol in the eastern United States and comparison with observations Yu S., P. S. Kasibhatla, D. L. Wright, S. E. Schwartz, R. McGraw, A. Deng. Prepared for DOE Atmospheric Sciences Program Meeting Albuquerque, NM 19-21 March 2002.

Climate and Climate Change: Certainties and Uncertainties Schwartz S. E., ISSA Lecture, Imperatore School of Sciences & Arts, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken NJ, March 4, 2002.

Historical perspective on heterogeneous gas-particle interaction. Schwartz S. E., Mass Accommodation Workshop, Billerica MA, February 25 - 28, 2002. Invited Presentation.

2001

Aerosol Influence on Cloud Optical Depth and Albedo Over the North Atlantic Shown by Satellite Measurements and Chemical Transport Modeling. Schwartz S. E., Benkovitz C. M. and Harshvardhan. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, December 10-14, 2001.

Size-Dependent Seasalt Aerosol Production Flux: A Critical Review. Lewis E. R. and Schwartz S. E. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, December 10-14, 2001.

Climate and Climate Change: Certainties and Uncertainties Schwartz S. E., Guest Lecture, Physics 313 CEI 544 "Mystery of Matter", SUNY Stony Brook, December 4, 2001.

Discrepancy in Aerosol Forcing of Diffuse Downwelling Shortwave Irradiance. Schwartz S. E. and Halthore R. N., Chapman Conference on Atmospheric Absorption of Solar Radiation, Estes Park, CO, August 13-17, 2001.

Aerosols and climate--The scientific basis. Schwartz S. E., Workshop on Climate Change Impacts and Integrated Assessment, Snowmass, CO, July 30 - August 8, 2001

Aerosol influence on cloud optical depth and albedo over the North Atlantic shown by satellite measurements and chemical transport modeling. Schwartz S. E., Benkovitz C.M., and Harshvardhan. Workshop on Photooxidants, Particles, and Haze across the Arctic and North Atlantic: Transport Observations and Models, Center for International Earth Science Information Network, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, New York, June 12-15, 2001.

Representing aerosol dynamics and properties in atmospheric chemical transport models by the method of moments. Schwartz S. E., McGraw R., Benkovitz C. M. and Wright D. L. Symposium on Environmental Chemistry in Multiphasic Systems in Honor of Michael R. Hoffmann, Recipient of ACS Award for Creative Advances in Environmental Science and Technology, American Chemical Society 221st National Meeting, San Diego CA, April 1-5, 2001, Division of Environmental Chemistry.

The influence of cut-off lows on sulfate burdens over the North Atlantic during April, 1987. Benkovitz C. M., Miller M. A., Schwartz S. E. and Kwon O-U. Millennium Symposium on Atmospheric Chemistry, American Meteorological Society 81st Annual Meeting, Albuquerque, NM January 14-19, 2001.

An investigation of the effect of sulfate on cloud microphysics using a chemistry/transport model. Harshvardhan, Wei D., Green R., Schwartz S. and Benkovitz C. Millennium Symposium on Atmospheric Chemistry, American Meteorological Society 81st Annual Meeting, Albuquerque, NM January 14-19, 2001.

2000

Effects of Sulfur Emissions from Popocatepetl Volcano on the Central U.S. in June 1997. Benkovitz C. M., Miller M. A., Schwartz S. E., and Easter R. E.. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, December 15-19, 2000.

Particles of Difference. Schwartz, S. E. Air Quality II. McLean VA, September 19-21, 2000.

Aerosol Direct Forcing--Observational Perspective. Schwartz S. E. Workshop On Monitoring Global Aerosol Forcing of Climate: Evaluating requirements for satellite monitoring, ground-based monitoring, in-situ measurements and global modeling. GFDL-NOAA. Princeton NJ. September 13-14, 2000.

Physical-Chemical Processes of Cloud Activation studied with a Desktop Cloud Model. Schwartz S. E. 6th International Conference on Air-Surface Exchange of Gases and Particles, Edinburgh, July 3-7, 2000.

Kinetics of Cloud Droplet Activation. Schwartz S. E. American Chemical Society, 219th National Meeting, San Francisco CA, March 26-30, 2000. Paper PHYS-223.

Aerosols and ARM. Schwartz S. E. Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Annual Meeting, San Antonio TX, March 13-16, 2000.

Measurement of Aerosol Shortwave Direct Forcing at the ARM SGP Site. Schwartz S. E. and Halthore R. N. Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Annual Meeting, San Antonio TX, March 13-16, 2000.

SELECTED OLDER PRESENTATIONS

1999

The Department of Energy's Tropospheric Aerosol Program (TAP): An Examination of Aerosol Processes and Properties. Schwartz S. E. and Lunn, P. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, December 13-17, 1999, San Francisco. Paper A12C-12. Abstract: Eos Trans. Amer. Geophys. Un.80(46), Fall Meet. Suppl., F149 (1999).

Hemispheric-Scale Chemical and Microphysical Aerosol Model. Schwartz S. E., Benkovitz C. M., McGraw R. L. and D. L. Wright, Jr. Department of Energy Atmospheric Chemistry Program Annual Science Meeting, Alexandria VA, 30 Nov. - 2 Dec. 1999. (Viewgraphs: Large File Warning 9.4 Mbyte PDF file)

Simulating sulfur for the ACE-2 experiment: Preliminary results. Benkovitz C. M., Schwartz, S. E., Mubaraki M. A., Miller M. A., and Bates T. S. Sixth Scientific Conference of the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Project (IGAC), September 13-17, 1999, Bologna, Italy.

Representing Aerosols in Global Models: From Micrometers to Megameters. Schwartz, S. E. International Conference and Workshops: Aerosols, Radiation budget, Land surfaces, Ocean colour. Meribel, France, 18-22 January, 1999.

1998

Role of aerosols in radiative forcing of climate change: Global mean and uncertainties. Schwartz, S. E. Global Atmosphere Watch Conference on Ozone, Radiation and Aerosols in the Atmosphere. Zurich, October 14-15, 1998.

Aerosols: Whipping Boy, Monkey Wrench, or Knob? Schwartz, S. E. Gordon Research Conference, Solar Radiation and Climate. Plymouth, NH, June 14-19, 1998.

Diffuse-Sky Downward Irradiance (DFDI) At Surface In Cloud Free Atmospheres - A Closure Experiment. Halthore R. N., Nemesure S., Schwartz S. E., Imre D. G., Berk A., Dutton E. G., and Bergin M. H. 8th Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Science Team Meeting, Tucson, AZ, Mar. 23-26, 1998.

Correlated short term fluctuations in aerosol optical thickness and shortwave radiative quantities. Schwartz S. E. 8th Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Science Team Meeting, Tucson, AZ, Mar. 23-26, 1998.

Effect of Absorbing Aerosol on Shortwave Radiative Forcing of Climate. Nemesure S. and Schwartz S. E. 8th Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Science Team Meeting, Tucson, AZ, Mar. 23-26, 1998.

Intercomparison of Radiation Transfer Models Representing Direct Shortwave Forcing by Sulfate Aerosols. Schwartz S. E. 8th Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Science Team Meeting, Tucson, AZ, Mar. 23-26, 1998.

Turnover times and mean heights of modeled sulfate and SO2 over the North Atlantic and adjacent continental regions. Schwartz S. E. and Benkovitz C. M. 8th Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Science Team Meeting, Tucson, AZ, Mar. 23-26, 1998.

Radiative forcing of climate change by anthropogenic aerosols. Schwartz S. E. Euroclivar Workshop Attribution: Beyond discernible? Bracknell U.K.March 9-12, 1998; Report Eucliv-10, S. Tett, J. Mitchell, K. Hasselmann, and G. Komen, eds., de Bilt, Netherlands, 1998, p. 21.

1997

Grains of salts: Influence of anthropogenic aerosols on climate. Schwartz S. E. Amer. Assoc. for Aerosol Research. Denver, October, 1997.

The Whitehouse Effect: Climatic Effects of Anthropogenic Aerosols. Schwartz S. E. Frances S. Sterrett Environmental Chemistry Symposium on Global Change, American Chemical Society, New York Section, Hempstead NY, May 22, 1997.

Aerosol sulfate loading and shortwave direct radiative forcing over the North Atlantic Ocean. Nemesure, S., Benkovitz, C. M., and Schwartz, S. E. 7th Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Science Team Meeting, San Antonio, TX, Mar. 3-7, 1997.

Prediction and Measurement of Direct-Normal Solar Irradiance: A Closure Experiment. Halthore, R. N., S. E. Schwartz, J. J. Michalsky, G. P. Anderson, R. A. Ferrare, B. N. Holben, H. M. Ten Brink. 7th Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Science Team Meeting, San Antonio, TX, Mar. 3-7, 1997.

Aerosol dynamics by the quadrature method of moments. McGraw R. and Schwartz, S. E. Workshop: Techniques and problems in modeling size-distributed aerosol formation and composition, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, March, 1997.

Specification of Aerosols. Schwartz, S. E. ARM Science Team Meeting, San Antonio, TX, March 3-7, 1997.

1996

Search for climate response to aerosol forcing in temperature anomaly trends. Schwartz S. E. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, Dec. 15-19, 1996, paper U41A-21. Abstract: Eos, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Un.77, (No. 46, Supplement) F45 (1996); poster.

The influence of a cut-off low pressure system on sulfate burdens over the northeastern Atlantic Ocean. Benkovitz C. M., Miller M. A. and Schwartz S. E. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, Dec. 15-19, 1996, paper A31E-05. Abstract: Eos, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Un. 77, (No. 46, Supplement) F103 (1996).

A Closure Experiment: Prediction and Measurement of Direct-Normal Solar Irradiance at the ARM Site. R. N. Halthore, S. E. Schwartz, J. J. Michalsky, M. H. Bergin, R. A. Ferrare, B. N. Holben, and H. M. ten Brink. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, Dec. 15-19, 1996, Paper A11C-12. Abstract: Eos, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Un. 77, (No. 46, Supplement) F74 (1996).

Estimating aerosol optical depth using ground based nephelometer measurements at the Southern Great Plains (SGP) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) site. Bergin M. H., Ogren J. A., Halthore R. N. and Schwartz S. E. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, Dec. 15-19, 1996, paper A11C-11. Abstract: Eos, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Un.77, (No. 46, Supplement) F74 (1996).

Representing aerosol microphysics in hemispheric-scale chemical transport and transformation models. McGraw R., Benkovitz C. M., and Schwartz S. E.. DOE OHER Atmospheric Chemistry Program Annual Meeting, November 19-21, 1996.

Description of atmospheric aerosol dynamics by the quadrature method of moments. McGraw R. and Schwartz S. E. European Aerosol Conference 1996, Delft, Netherlands, September 9-12, 1996.

Cloud Droplet Nucleation and its Connection to Aerosol Properties. Schwartz, S. E. In Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols 1996. Proc. 14th Int. Conf. Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols (Helsinki, August 26-30, 1996) M. Kulmala and P. E. Wagner, Eds. Elsevier Science, Ltd. Oxford, UK. pp 770-779. PDF

1995

Implications of uncertainties in IPCC estimates of radiative forcing. Schwartz, S. E. DOE OHER Atmospheric Chemistry Program Annual Meeting, December 5-7, 1995.

DOE research on atmospheric aerosols. Schwartz, S. E. NASA Aerosol Interdisciplinary Program Workshop, October 30-November 1, 1995.

1994

Acid Deposition and the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990: Did Science Play a Role? Schwartz, S. E. American Geophysical Union Spring Meeting, Baltimore MD, May 23-27, 1994, paper A21E-04, Invited.

1983

Kinetics of reactive dissolution of nitrogen oxides into aqueous solution. Schwartz S. E. and White W. H. in Advances in Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 12: Trace Atmospheric Constituents. Schwartz S. E., Ed. (John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1983); pp. 1-116. REPRINT

Kinetics of oxidation of aqueous sulfur(IV) by nitrogen dioxide. Lee, Y.-N. and Schwartz, S. E. In Precipitation Scavenging, Dry Deposition, and Resuspension, H. R. Pruppacher, R. G. Semonin, and W. G. N. Slinn, Eds., pp. 453-470, Elsevier, New York, 1983. REPRINT

RECENT POPULAR PRESENTATIONS

2019

Energy, CO₂, Climate, and You! S. E. Schwartz. Brookhaven National Laboratory Summer Sundays, July 14, 2019

2017

Energy, CO₂, Climate, and You! S. E. Schwartz. Brookhaven National Laboratory Summer Sundays, July 23, 2017

The Greenhouse Effect Progressive Solutions, WUSB Stony Brook Radio, June 20, 2017.

2016

Energy, CO₂, Climate, and You! S. E. Schwartz. Brookhaven National Laboratory Summer Sundays, July 24, 2016

Energy, CO2, Climate, and YOU! S. E. Schwartz. Copaigue Middle School students April 27, 2016

The Greenhouse Effect, Climate, and Climate Change S. E. Schwartz. St. John's University, April 6, 2016

2015

Chemistry, Energy and You! S. E. Schwartz. Eisenhower School, Boulder CO, December 10, 2015

Energy, CO₂, Climate, and You! S. E. Schwartz. Brookhaven National Laboratory Summer Sundays, July 19, 2015

Carbon dioxide, climate change, certainties, uncertainties, puzzles & prospects. S. E. Schwartz. Sea-Port Hadassah, Port Jefferson Station NY, March 12, 2015

Chemistry, Energy and You! S. E. Schwartz. Hampton Bays Middle School, Hampton Bays NY, February 25, 2015

2014

Energy, CO₂, Climate, and You! S. E. Schwartz. Brookhaven National Laboratory Summer Sundays, July 27, 2014

2013

Energy, CO₂, Climate, and You! S. E. Schwartz. Suffolk Y Jewish Community Center, Commack NY, November 11, 2013

Energy, CO₂, Climate, and You! S. E. Schwartz. Brookhaven National Laboratory Summer Sundays, July 14, 2013

Energy, Carbon Dioxide, and Climate S. E. Schwartz. Emeritus Faculty Association, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY, April 5, 2013

2012

Energy, CO₂, Climate, and You! S. E. Schwartz. Brookhaven National Laboratory Summer Sundays, July 22, 2012

2011

Energy Flows, Forcings, Climate Change -- A Really Tough Problem. S. E. Schwartz. NOAA Cooperative Center for Remote Sensing Science and Technology at the City College of the City University of New York (CREST). Upton NY, July 20, 2011

Energy, CO₂, Climate, and You! S. E. Schwartz. Brookhaven National Laboratory Summer Sundays, July 17, 2011

Climate Change: The Knowns, the Known Unknowns, and the Unknown Unknowns, S. E. Schwartz. Jefferson's Ferry Public Affairs Committee Forum, South Setauket NY, June 27, 2011.

Climate Change and Energy Use in Today's World: Chilling Considerations Regarding Global Warming, S. E. Schwartz. Free Public Lecture Series, University of Nevada, Reno, April 4, 2011.

2010

Energy Today -- CO₂ Tomorrow, S. E. Schwartz. New York University Graduate School of Journalism: Science, Health and Environmental Reporting Program (SHERP). Upton NY, September 24, 2010.

Climate change and energy use in today's world: Chilling considerations regarding global warming. S. E. Schwartz. Brookhaven National Laboratory Summer Sundays, August 1, 2010

Earth's climate sensitivity and why it is important. S. E. Schwartz. Brookhaven National Laboratory, July 23, 2010

Climate change and energy in today's world. S. E. Schwartz. Brookhaven National Laboratory, April 30, 2010

2009

Chilling considerations regarding global warming. S. E. Schwartz. Brookhaven National Laboratory Summer Sundays, July 12, 2009

Some chilling considerations about global warming. S. E. Schwartz. Friends of Fire Island National Seashore, Patchogue NY, February 23, 2009.

2008

Some chilling considerations about global warming. S. E. Schwartz. Jewish Center of the Moriches, Center Moriches NY, December 11, 2008.

Some chilling considerations about global warming. S. E. Schwartz. Unitarian Universalist Fellowship of the North Fork, Jamesport NY, October 5, 2008.

Climate Change: A Quantitative Question, S. E. Schwartz. New York University Graduate School of Journalism: Science, Health and Environmental Reporting Program (SHERP). Upton NY, October 3, 2008.

Some chilling considerations about global warming. S. E. Schwartz. Temple Israel, Riverhead NY, May 10, 2008.

Climate change: The knowns, the known unknowns, and the unknown unknowns. S. E. Schwartz. BNL Community Advisory Council. Upton NY, May 8, 2008.

Some chilling considerations about global warming. S. E. Schwartz. Jefferson's Ferry, South Setauket NY, January 14, 2008.

Earth's Climate, the Greenhouse Effect, and Energy -- An Introduction. Schwartz S. E. College Mini-semester Program, Brookhaven National Laboratory, January 7, 2008.

2007

The Greenhouse Effect and Your Family's Contribution to it. S. E. Schwartz. Earth Week 2007, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Upton NY, April 17, 2007.

2006

Climate Change: A Defining Issue for Our Age, S. E. Schwartz. New York University Graduate School of Journalism: Science, Health and Environmental Reporting Program (SHERP). Upton NY, September 29, 2006.

Global Warming, the Greenhouse Effect and your Family's Contribution. S. E. Schwartz. Summer Sundays, Brookhaven National Laboratory, August 13, 2006.

The Greenhouse Effect and your Family's Contribution to it. S. E. Schwartz. The Greens Mens Group, Half Hollow Hills Library, Dix Hills, N. Y., June 6, 2006.

The Greenhouse Effect and your Family's Contribution to it. S. E. Schwartz. Falconer Natural History Lecture Series, Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, University at Albany, April 18, 2006.

Chilling Considerations about Global Warming. S. E. Schwartz. Ethical Society of Suffolk, Smithtown NY, April 2, 2006.

2005

The Greenhouse Effect and your Family's Contribution to it. S. E. Schwartz. Rotary Club of Patchogue, Patchogue NY, November 9, 2005.

The Greenhouse Effect S. E. Schwartz. CSSP Lecture, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 27 July 2005.

The Greenhouse Effect and your family's contribution to it. S. E. Schwartz. Stony Brook University Roundtable, Stony Brook NY, March 3, 2005.

The Greenhouse Effect S. E. Schwartz. Center Moriches High School Science Honor Society, Center Moriches NY, February 3, 2005.

2004

Climate and climate change: Scientific background for informed decision-making. S. E. Schwartz. League of Women Voters of Brookhaven Town, Annual U.N. International Dinner, Oldfield NY, October 22, 2004.

Global warming, the greenhouse effect, and your family's contribution to it. S. E. Schwartz. Westhampton Beach High School, Westhampton Beach NY, September 22, 2004.

Global warming, the greenhouse effect, and your family's contribution to it. S. E. Schwartz. Science Club of Long Island, Stony Brook NY, September 14, 2004.

Climate: What we are doing to it and what we are doing to understand it. S. E. Schwartz. Brookhaven National Laboratory Management Council, April 20, 2004.

The Greenhouse Effect. S. E. Schwartz. League of Women Voters of Brookhaven Town, March 31, 2004.

2003

Is the climate really changing? Scientific evidence regarding global warming. S. E. Schwartz, The Gatesworth, University City Mo., May 23, 2003.

Scientific evidence for global warming. S. E. Schwartz, Jefferson's Ferry, South Setauket NY, March 13, 2003.

2002

The Greenhouse Effect S. E. Schwartz. CSSP Lecture, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 30 July 2002.