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Localization
Of Maguk Proteins In Xenopus Development
Hannah Yun and Elizabeth Callery, Department of Biochemistry |
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This
study sought to examine the role of membrane-associated guanylate kinase
(MAGUK) genes on Xenopus laevis development through a process known as
antibody staining. Antibodies specific to certain MAGUK proteins served
as markers so that the spatiotemporal localization of these proteins during
embryogenesis could be observed. MAGUKs play an important role in forming
protein complexes. They facilitate specific protein-protein interactions
and play a key role in neuronal function as well. Additional research
on these proteins is beginning to show that some MAGUKs play an important
role in cell signaling. However, MAGUK-specific antibodies had only been
tested on other research animals, such as mice and other rodents, and
had not been tested on Xenopus embryos. In addition, they had not been
linked to any important developmental function. The first part of this
study dealt with optimizing protocol to achieve the most productive results.
Approximately 50 different embryos were collected at the neurula, tailbud,
and tadpole stages. Prior to staining, these embryos were separated into
vials, rehydrated, blocked, immersed in primary antibodies, blocked again,
and then immersed in secondary antibodies. Various trial and error attempts
using different antibody dilutions showed that a 1:1000 dilution of the
secondary antibody along with a blocking solution comprised of both goat
serum and BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) yielded the least background staining,
an important aspect of antibody staining. After the most efficient method
of staining was found, different MAGUK-specific antibodies were tested
on the frog embryos. The MAGUKs used were CASK, PSD-95, and SAP-97 (dlg).
Upon staining, the embryos showed variable staining patterns within each
antibody group, suggesting that there is more background staining to be
eliminated. Also, the lack of specific staining in the embryos may suggest
that the MAGUK-specific antibodies used could not be cross-reacted with
Xenopus. Currently, the protocol for antibody staining is being slightly
varied and additional developmental stages are being studied to see if
consistent staining patterns of MAGUK proteins might be observed, NIH
Grant HD32429 and the Simons Foundation supported this study. |
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