Localization Of Maguk Proteins In Xenopus Development
Hannah Yun and Elizabeth Callery, Department of Biochemistry

This study sought to examine the role of membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) genes on Xenopus laevis development through a process known as antibody staining. Antibodies specific to certain MAGUK proteins served as markers so that the spatiotemporal localization of these proteins during embryogenesis could be observed. MAGUKs play an important role in forming protein complexes. They facilitate specific protein-protein interactions and play a key role in neuronal function as well. Additional research on these proteins is beginning to show that some MAGUKs play an important role in cell signaling. However, MAGUK-specific antibodies had only been tested on other research animals, such as mice and other rodents, and had not been tested on Xenopus embryos. In addition, they had not been linked to any important developmental function. The first part of this study dealt with optimizing protocol to achieve the most productive results. Approximately 50 different embryos were collected at the neurula, tailbud, and tadpole stages. Prior to staining, these embryos were separated into vials, rehydrated, blocked, immersed in primary antibodies, blocked again, and then immersed in secondary antibodies. Various trial and error attempts using different antibody dilutions showed that a 1:1000 dilution of the secondary antibody along with a blocking solution comprised of both goat serum and BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) yielded the least background staining, an important aspect of antibody staining. After the most efficient method of staining was found, different MAGUK-specific antibodies were tested on the frog embryos. The MAGUKs used were CASK, PSD-95, and SAP-97 (dlg). Upon staining, the embryos showed variable staining patterns within each antibody group, suggesting that there is more background staining to be eliminated. Also, the lack of specific staining in the embryos may suggest that the MAGUK-specific antibodies used could not be cross-reacted with Xenopus. Currently, the protocol for antibody staining is being slightly varied and additional developmental stages are being studied to see if consistent staining patterns of MAGUK proteins might be observed, NIH Grant HD32429 and the Simons Foundation supported this study.

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